Building Python using VC++ 9.0 ------------------------------ This directory is used to build Python for Win32 and x64 platforms, e.g. Windows 2000, XP, Vista and Windows Server 2008. In order to build 32-bit debug and release executables, Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition is required at the very least. In order to build 64-bit debug and release executables, Visual Studio 2008 Standard Edition is required at the very least. In order to build all of the above, as well as generate release builds that make use of Profile Guided Optimisation (PG0), Visual Studio 2008 Professional Edition is required at the very least. The official Python releases are built with this version of Visual Studio. For other Windows platforms and compilers, see ../PC/readme.txt. All you need to do is open the workspace "pcbuild.sln" in Visual Studio, select the desired combination of configuration and platform and eventually build the solution. Unless you are going to debug a problem in the core or you are going to create an optimized build you want to select "Release" as configuration. The PCbuild directory is compatible with all versions of Visual Studio from VS C++ Express Edition over the standard edition up to the professional edition. However the express edition does not support features like solution folders or profile guided optimization (PGO). The missing bits and pieces won't stop you from building Python. The solution is configured to build the projects in the correct order. "Build Solution" or F7 takes care of dependencies except for x64 builds. To make cross compiling x64 builds on a 32bit OS possible the x64 builds require a 32bit version of Python. NOTE: You probably don't want to build most of the other subprojects, unless you're building an entire Python distribution from scratch, or specifically making changes to the subsystems they implement, or are running a Python core buildbot test slave; see SUBPROJECTS below) When using the Debug setting, the output files have a _d added to their name: python31_d.dll, python_d.exe, parser_d.pyd, and so on. Both the build and rt batch files accept a -d option for debug builds. The 32bit builds end up in the solution folder PCbuild while the x64 builds land in the amd64 subfolder. The PGI and PGO builds for profile guided optimization end up in their own folders, too. Legacy support -------------- You can find build directories for older versions of Visual Studio and Visual C++ in the PC directory. The legacy build directories are no longer actively maintained and may not work out of the box. PC/VC6/ Visual C++ 6.0 PC/VS7.1/ Visual Studio 2003 (7.1) PC/VS8.0/ Visual Studio 2005 (8.0) C RUNTIME --------- Visual Studio 2008 uses version 9 of the C runtime (MSVCRT9). The executables are linked to a CRT "side by side" assembly which must be present on the target machine. This is avalible under the VC/Redist folder of your visual studio distribution. On XP and later operating systems that support side-by-side assemblies it is not enough to have the msvcrt90.dll present, it has to be there as a whole assembly, that is, a folder with the .dll and a .manifest. Also, a check is made for the correct version. Therefore, one should distribute this assembly with the dlls, and keep it in the same directory. For compatibility with older systems, one should also set the PATH to this directory so that the dll can be found. For more info, see the Readme in the VC/Redist folder. SUBPROJECTS ----------- These subprojects should build out of the box. Subprojects other than the main ones (pythoncore, python, pythonw) generally build a DLL (renamed to .pyd) from a specific module so that users don't have to load the code supporting that module unless they import the module. pythoncore .dll and .lib python .exe pythonw pythonw.exe, a variant of python.exe that doesn't pop up a DOS box _socket socketmodule.c _testcapi tests of the Python C API, run via Lib/test/test_capi.py, and implemented by module Modules/_testcapimodule.c pyexpat Python wrapper for accelerated XML parsing, which incorporates stable code from the Expat project: http://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/ select selectmodule.c unicodedata large tables of Unicode data winsound play sounds (typically .wav files) under Windows Python-controlled subprojects that wrap external projects: _sqlite3 Wraps SQLite 3.5.9, which is currently built by sqlite3.vcproj (see below). _tkinter Wraps the Tk windowing system. Unlike _sqlite3, there's no corresponding tcltk.vcproj-type project that builds Tcl/Tk from vcproj's within our pcbuild.sln, which means this module expects to find a pre-built Tcl/Tk in either ..\..\tcltk for 32-bit or ..\..\tcltk64 for 64-bit (relative to this directory). See below for instructions to build Tcl/Tk. bz2 Python wrapper for the libbz2 compression library. Homepage http://sources.redhat.com/bzip2/ Download the source from the python.org copy into the dist directory: svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/bzip2-1.0.5 ** NOTE: if you use the Tools\buildbot\external(-amd64).bat approach for obtaining external sources then you don't need to manually get the source above via subversion. ** A custom pre-link step in the bz2 project settings should manage to build bzip2-1.0.5\libbz2.lib by magic before bz2.pyd (or bz2_d.pyd) is linked in PCbuild\. However, the bz2 project is not smart enough to remove anything under bzip2-1.0.5\ when you do a clean, so if you want to rebuild bzip2.lib you need to clean up bzip2-1.0.5\ by hand. All of this managed to build libbz2.lib in bzip2-1.0.5\$platform-$configuration\, which the Python project links in. _ssl Python wrapper for the secure sockets library. Get the source code through svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/openssl-0.9.8l ** NOTE: if you use the Tools\buildbot\external(-amd64).bat approach for obtaining external sources then you don't need to manually get the source above via subversion. ** Alternatively, get the latest version from http://www.openssl.org. You can (theoretically) use any version of OpenSSL you like - the build process will automatically select the latest version. You must install the NASM assembler from http://nasm.sf.net for x86 builds. Put nasmw.exe anywhere in your PATH. Note: recent releases of nasm only have nasm.exe. Just rename it to nasmw.exe. You can also install ActivePerl from http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/ if you like to use the official sources instead of the files from python's subversion repository. The svn version contains pre-build makefiles and assembly files. The build process makes sure that no patented algorithms are included. For now RC5, MDC2 and IDEA are excluded from the build. You may have to manually remove $(OBJ_D)\i_*.obj from ms\nt.mak if the build process complains about missing files or forbidden IDEA. Again the files provided in the subversion repository are already fixed. The MSVC project simply invokes PCBuild/build_ssl.py to perform the build. This Python script locates and builds your OpenSSL installation, then invokes a simple makefile to build the final .pyd. build_ssl.py attempts to catch the most common errors (such as not being able to find OpenSSL sources, or not being able to find a Perl that works with OpenSSL) and give a reasonable error message. If you have a problem that doesn't seem to be handled correctly (eg, you know you have ActivePerl but we can't find it), please take a peek at build_ssl.py and suggest patches. Note that build_ssl.py should be able to be run directly from the command-line. build_ssl.py/MSVC isn't clever enough to clean OpenSSL - you must do this by hand. The subprojects above wrap external projects Python doesn't control, and as such, a little more work is required in order to download the relevant source files for each project before they can be built. The buildbots do this each time they're built, so the easiest approach is to run either external.bat or external-amd64.bat in the ..\Tools\buildbot directory from ..\, i.e.: C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\trunk\PCbuild>cd .. C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\trunk>Tools\buildbot\external.bat This extracts all the external subprojects from http://svn.python.org/external via Subversion (so you'll need an svn.exe on your PATH) and places them in ..\.. (relative to this directory). The external(-amd64).bat scripts will also build a debug build of Tcl/Tk; there aren't any equivalent batch files for building release versions of Tcl/Tk lying around in the Tools\buildbot directory. If you need to build a release version of Tcl/Tk it isn't hard though, take a look at the relevant external(-amd64).bat file and find the two nmake lines, then call each one without the 'DEBUG=1' parameter, i.e.: The external-amd64.bat file contains this for tcl: nmake -f makefile.vc COMPILERFLAGS=-DWINVER=0x0500 DEBUG=1 MACHINE=AMD64 INSTALLDIR=..\..\tcltk64 clean all install So for a release build, you'd call it as: nmake -f makefile.vc COMPILERFLAGS=-DWINVER=0x0500 MACHINE=AMD64 INSTALLDIR=..\..\tcltk64 clean all install XXX Should we compile with OPTS=threads? XXX Our installer copies a lot of stuff out of the Tcl/Tk install XXX directory. Is all of that really needed for Python use of Tcl/Tk? This will be cleaned up in the future; ideally Tcl/Tk will be brought into our pcbuild.sln as custom .vcproj files, just as we've recently done with the sqlite3.vcproj file, which will remove the need for Tcl/Tk to be built separately via a batch file. XXX trent.nelson 02-Apr-08: Having the external subprojects in ..\.. relative to this directory is a bit of a nuisance when you're working on py3k and trunk in parallel and your directory layout mimics that of Python's subversion layout, e.g.: C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\trunk C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\branches\py3k C:\..\svn.python.org\projects\python\branches\release25-maint I'd like to change things so that external subprojects are fetched from ..\external instead of ..\.., then provide some helper scripts or batch files that would set up a new ..\external directory with svn checkouts of the relevant branches in http://svn.python.org/projects/external/, or alternatively, use junctions to link ..\external with a pre-existing externals directory being used by another branch. i.e. if I'm usually working on trunk (and have previously created trunk\external via the provided batch file), and want to do some work on py3k, I'd set up a junction as follows (using the directory structure above as an example): C:\..\python\trunk\external <- already exists and has built versions of the external subprojects C:\..\python\branches\py3k>linkd.exe external ..\..\trunk\external Link created at: external Only a slight tweak would be needed to the buildbots such that bots building trunk and py3k could make use of the same facility. (2.5.x builds need to be kept separate as they're using Visual Studio 7.1.) /XXX trent.nelson 02-Apr-08 Building for Itanium -------------------- NOTE: Official support for Itanium builds have been dropped from the build. Please contact us and provide patches if you are interested in Itanium builds. The project files support a ReleaseItanium configuration which creates Win64/Itanium binaries. For this to work, you need to install the Platform SDK, in particular the 64-bit support. This includes an Itanium compiler (future releases of the SDK likely include an AMD64 compiler as well). In addition, you need the Visual Studio plugin for external C compilers, from http://sf.net/projects/vsextcomp. The plugin will wrap cl.exe, to locate the proper target compiler, and convert compiler options accordingly. The project files require atleast version 0.9. Building for AMD64 ------------------ The build process for AMD64 / x64 is very similar to standard builds. You just have to set x64 as platform. In addition, the HOST_PYTHON environment variable must point to a Python interpreter (at least 2.4), to support cross-compilation. Building Python Using the free MS Toolkit Compiler -------------------------------------------------- Microsoft has withdrawn the free MS Toolkit Compiler, so this can no longer be considered a supported option. Instead you can use the free VS C++ Express Edition. Profile Guided Optimization --------------------------- The solution has two configurations for PGO. The PGInstrument configuration must be build first. The PGInstrument binaries are lniked against a profiling library and contain extra debug information. The PGUpdate configuration takes the profiling data and generates optimized binaries. The build_pgo.bat script automates the creation of optimized binaries. It creates the PGI files, runs the unit test suite or PyBench with the PGI python and finally creates the optimized files. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k(VS.90).aspx Static library -------------- The solution has no configuration for static libraries. However it is easy it build a static library instead of a DLL. You simply have to set the "Configuration Type" to "Static Library (.lib)" and alter the preprocessor macro "Py_ENABLE_SHARED" to "Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED". You may also have to change the "Runtime Library" from "Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)" to "Multi-threaded (/MT)". Visual Studio properties ------------------------ The PCbuild solution makes heavy use of Visual Studio property files (*.vsprops). The properties can be viewed and altered in the Property Manager (View -> Other Windows -> Property Manager). * debug (debug macro: _DEBUG) * pginstrument (PGO) * pgupdate (PGO) +-- pginstrument * pyd (python extension, release build) +-- release +-- pyproject * pyd_d (python extension, debug build) +-- debug +-- pyproject * pyproject (base settings for all projects, user macros like PyDllName) * release (release macro: NDEBUG) * x64 (AMD64 / x64 platform specific settings) The pyproject propertyfile defines _WIN32 and x64 defines _WIN64 and _M_X64 although the macros are set by the compiler, too. The GUI doesn't always know about the macros and confuse the user with false information. YOUR OWN EXTENSION DLLs ----------------------- If you want to create your own extension module DLL, there's an example with easy-to-follow instructions in ../PC/example/; read the file readme.txt there first.