:mod:`zipimport` --- Import modules from Zip archives ===================================================== .. module:: zipimport :synopsis: support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives. .. moduleauthor:: Just van Rossum .. versionadded:: 2.3 This module adds the ability to import Python modules (:file:`\*.py`, :file:`\*.py[co]`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not needed to use the :mod:`zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically used by the builtin :keyword:`import` mechanism for ``sys.path`` items that are paths to ZIP archives. Typically, ``sys.path`` is a list of directory names as strings. This module also allows an item of ``sys.path`` to be a string naming a ZIP file archive. The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports, and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a subdirectory. For example, the path :file:`/tmp/example.zip/lib/` would only import from the :file:`lib/` subdirectory within the archive. Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but only files :file:`.py` and :file:`.py[co]` are available for import. ZIP import of dynamic modules (:file:`.pyd`, :file:`.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains :file:`.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the corresponding :file:`.pyc` or :file:`.pyo` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive doesn't contain :file:`.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow. Using the built-in :func:`reload` function will fail if called on a module loaded from a ZIP archive; it is unlikely that :func:`reload` would be needed, since this would imply that the ZIP has been altered during runtime. The available attributes of this module are: .. exception:: ZipImportError Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It's a subclass of :exc:`ImportError`, so it can be caught as :exc:`ImportError`, too. .. class:: zipimporter The class for importing ZIP files. See section :ref:`zipimporter-objects` for constructor details. .. seealso:: `PKZIP Application Note `_ Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used. :pep:`0273` - Import Modules from Zip Archives Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3 follows the specification in PEP 273, but uses an implementation written by Just van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in PEP 302. :pep:`0302` - New Import Hooks The PEP to add the import hooks that help this module work. .. _zipimporter-objects: zipimporter Objects ------------------- .. class:: zipimporter(archivepath) Create a new zipimporter instance. *archivepath* must be a path to a zipfile. :exc:`ZipImportError` is raised if *archivepath* doesn't point to a valid ZIP archive. .. method:: zipimporter.find_module(fullname[, path]) Search for a module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the zipimporter instance itself if the module was found, or :const:`None` if it wasn't. The optional *path* argument is ignored---it's there for compatibility with the importer protocol. .. method:: zipimporter.get_code(fullname) Return the code object for the specified module. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found. .. method:: zipimporter.get_data(pathname) Return the data associated with *pathname*. Raise :exc:`IOError` if the file wasn't found. .. method:: zipimporter.get_source(fullname) Return the source code for the specified module. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found, return :const:`None` if the archive does contain the module, but has no source for it. .. method:: zipimporter.is_package(fullname) Return True if the module specified by *fullname* is a package. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found. .. method:: zipimporter.load_module(fullname) Load the module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the imported module, or raises :exc:`ZipImportError` if it wasn't found. Examples -------- .. _zipimport-examples: Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the :mod:`zipimport` module is not explicitly used. :: $ unzip -l /tmp/example.zip Archive: /tmp/example.zip Length Date Time Name -------- ---- ---- ---- 8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py -------- ------- 8467 1 file $ ./python Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32) >>> import sys >>> sys.path.insert(0, '/tmp/example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path >>> import jwzthreading >>> jwzthreading.__file__ '/tmp/example.zip/jwzthreading.py'